Table 1: Effect of cage density on growth performance from weaning (30 d of age) to slaughter (2.2
kg body weight)
Initial density (rabbits/m2) 6 12 18 24
Initial density (cm2/rabbit) 1667 833 555 417
SEM1 L2 Pcov3
Length (d) 73.1 79.0 82.5 90.3 1.94 0.001 0.001
Daily gain (g/d/rabbit) 21.3 20.4 17.5 16.0 0.83 0.001 0.001
Feed intake (g/d/rabbit) 97.4 94.1 83.7 76.9 2.96 0.001 0.055
Feed efficiency (g/g) 0.219 0.218 0.210 0.208 0.0095 0.37 0.041
Mortality† (%) 9.42 10.2 9.27 20.5 4.10 0.14 0.002
Ringworm‡ (%) 37.3 44.0 36.6 68.9 12.8 0.20 0.083
Diarrhoea (%) 13.3 10.2 5.80 12.0 3.81 0.64 0.10
Injured‡ (%) 0.0 8.00 1.10 16.8 6.07 0.26 0.74
Final cage density
Live body weight§ (kg/m2) 11.3 24.2 34.3 41.1 1.54 0.001 0.008
No rabbits/m2 § 5.19 10.8 16.4 18.9 0.56 0.001 0.001
1n = 10 cages/treatment. 2Linear effect of density. 3Effect of average weaning weight per cage. §Quadratic effect of density
(P<0.050). †Significant effect of contrast 24 vs. (18, 12, 6) rabbits/m2 (P<0.050). ‡Tendency effect for contrast 24 vs. (18, 12,
6) rabbits/m2 (0.050<<0.15)
1Departamento de Zootecnia, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
2Departamento de Producción Animal, E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria,
28040 Madrid, Spain
ABSTRACT
Three hundred cross-breed rabbits of New Zealand, California, Butterfly, Dutch and Satin, weaned at
30 days and weighing 535±8 g (standard error) were assigned at random to four treatments: 6, 12, 18
and 24 rabbits/m2 (3, 6, 9 and 12 rabbits/cage, respectively, each cage of 0.5 m2) resulting 10
cages/treatment. During the experimental period (from weaning to 2.2 kg body weight) individual live
weight, cage feed intake, the incidence of diarrhoea, ringworm and injured rabbits were recorded. The
maximal temperature-humidity index ranged from 31 to 35 indicating a temporal severe heat stress. At
the end of the experimental period 10, 20, 30 and 30 rabbits from the treatments with densities of 6,
12, 18 and 24 rabbits/m2, respectively, were slaughtered and carcass performance recorded. Average
daily gain and feed intake from weaning to the end of experimental period decreased by 0.31±0.070
and 1.20±0.25 g, respectively, per each unit that the density increased at the beginning of the
experiment (P=0.001). The length of the fattening period increased by 0.91±0.16 d (P=0.001) per each
unit of increment of density. However, rabbit production (expressed in kg/m2) increased linearly and
quadratically with the density (P<0.008). Cage density did not affect feeding efficiency, that was on
average 0.214 g/g (P=0.37). Animals housed at the highest density compared to the average of those
caged at lower density tended to show a higher incidence of ringworm (68.9 vs. 39.4%; P=0.075), a
higher injured animals (16.8 vs. 3.03%; P=0.12) and a higher mortality (20.5 vs. 9.63; P=0.043).
Density did not modify dressing out percentage and chilled carcass weight. Increasing density reduced
linearly dorsal length (P=0.001) and reduced linearly and quadratically drip loss percentage (P=0.097
and 0.018, respectively). Based on these results, under our heat stress conditions it is recommended to
avoid densities higher than 18 rabbits/m2.
国外一篇养殖密度实验报告给我们的参考价值
作者:Villalobos O., Guillén O., García J. (2位委内瑞拉1位西班牙生物学家)
从断奶到出栏(断奶30天-4.4斤屠宰)在不同笼养密度条件下的生长发育结果
起始密度(只/平方米): 6 12 18 24
起始密度(平方厘米/只): 1667 833 555 417
养殖周期(天): 73.1 79.0 82.5 90.3
日增重(g/天/只): 21.3 20.4 17.5 16.0
采食量(g/天/只): 97.4 94.1 83.7 76.9
饵料系数(g/ g): 0.219 0.218 0.210 0.208
死亡率(%): 9.42 10.2 9.27 20.5
兔癣发病率(%): 37.3 44.0 36.6 68.9
腹泻发病率(%): 13.3 10.2 5.80 12.0
受伤率(%): 0.0 8.00 11.0 16.8
最终养殖密度
单位禁用词语重量(kg/平方米): 11.3 24.2 34.3 41.1
单位存活数(只/平方米): 5.19 10.8 16.4 18.9
论文摘要
采用三百只不同品种的实验肉兔,包括新西兰、加利福尼亚、比利时、Satin品种,选择30天体重在535±8 g(误差范围)的断奶兔进行随机划分4组,养殖密度分别设定为6, 12, 18和24 只/m2,每个笼面积为0.5 m2(也就是3, 6, 9和12 只/笼),共分4个密度组,每一组10个笼位。
(估计该实验应该是单层高位床半散养模式)
实验期从断奶至养成到4.4斤出栏,分别对以下科目进行实验:单体增重、摄食量、饵料系数、腹泻发病率、兔癣发病率、受伤率、屠宰率。
实验全程的增重:摄食量=0.31±0.070g
: 1.20±0.25 g ,按单位面积产兔量计算,随着养殖密度的线性增加方差得出的结果差异性不显著(P<0.008),说明养殖密度不影响饵料系数,平均值为:0.214 g/g ,(用国内养殖户的说法肉料比在1:4.67),
养殖密度与其它疾病的关系:兔癣发病率、死亡率、受伤率都伴随养殖密度的提高也呈现不断提高(P=0.075, P=0.12,P=0.043)。
养殖密度不会改变屠宰出肉率和胴体冷冻重量。
结论:在兔子所能承受的高密应激下健康存活范围内,养殖密度最高不易超过18只/m2 。
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